“As it is,” the Magi told him, “the dream has issued in something trifling; we are ourselves quite confident and bid you be the same. HOW NOT TO DO HISTORY: XERXES IN HERODOTUS' HISTORIES Jonas Grethlein Abstract. Turn your back in retreat; on another day you shall face them. Herodotus' Histories is the first major surviving prose work from antiquity. Herodotus' Histories has it all: tales of war, eyewitness travel writing, notes on flora and fauna and accounts of fantastic creatures such as winged snakes. It is difficult to imagine a more detailed and comprehensive commentary to the entire text of Book 6, making this a definitive publication. He is widely considered to have been the first writer to have treated historical subjects using a method of systematic investigation—specifically, by collecting his materials and then critically arranging them into an historiog… In this instance, the Oracles do offer some idea of what will come, but the oracle-interpreters, whose purpose is to interpret, are essentially ignored. The Egyptians in agreement with their climate, which is unlike any other, and with the river, which shows a nature different from all other rivers, established for themselves manners and customs in a way opposite to other men in almost all matters: for among them the women frequent the market and carry on trade, while the men remain at home and weave; and whereas others weave … Astyages immediately went to visit the Magi who were dream interpreters. It is in part a gripping and much revered tale of colossal confrontation between freedom-loving Greek-speaking peoples (the Athenians, Spartans, and others) and the seemingly unstoppable forces of the Persians. 9.1", "denarius") All Search Options [view abbreviations] Home Collections/Texts Perseus Catalog Research Grants Open Source About Help. Noël-Nicolas Coypel, “The Abduction of Europa,” 1727. The Oracles are constantly, it seems almost intentionally, ambiguous, and the message is almost always misinterpreted, often times to the listener’s detriment. To the reader accustomed to a stable cast of characters and a straightforward plot with a clear beginning, middle and end, Herodotus’ Histories read like a digression from a digression from a digression. Ἰστορίαι = The Histories, Herodotus The Histories of Herodotus is the founding work of history in Western literature. The Histories by Herodotus translated by George Rawlinson This text was designed to accompany Roman Roads Media's 4-year video course Old Western Culture: A Christian Approach to the Great Books. 107). It is an account of the development of the Persian Empire and the Greek city-states, and the ensuing conflict that lasted for most of the first half of the 5th century BCE. 220 - AN ACT AUTHORIZING THE MINISTRY OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS TO ESTABLISH AND PROMULGATE DIFFERENT LEVELS OF STANDARDS AND TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ECONOMIC. The main characters in Herodotus's treatment of the Greek-Persian wars include the following: Croesus, King of Lydia: Croesus ruled Lydia from approximately 560 to 546 BC. While the gods have almost no presence throughout the book, the Oracles and/or dreams are linked to many of the major events. Herodotus (484 BC-425 BC) was an ancient Greek historian who was known as "the Father of History", as he was the first writer to treat historical subjects using a method of systematic investigation and compiling materials into a historiographic narrative. ©2020 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Darius I comes to power in Persia. When two Magi rebel against Cambyses, he is killed. Astyages takes the child, a son, when it is born and hands him over to a kinsman, Harpagus, and orders Harpagus to kill the child. So was the case with Astyages, who dreamt of his daughter, Mandane, “making water so greatly that she filled all his city and flooded…all of Asia” (1. Fate, however, has run its course. II:35. For more information visit: www.romanroadsmedia.com. Cyrus: Cyrus II of Persia, sometimes called Cyrus the Great, lived from approximately 600 to 530 BC. History begins with Herodotus (485–425 b.c.e.). While the gods have almost no presence throughout the book, the Oracles and/or dreams are linked to many of the major events. Start studying Characters Herodotus, Thucydides, Aristophanes, Plato. We learn who the satraps are in Persian government. Unbeknownst to Croesus, the empire he will destroy will be his own. In concluding his proem, Herodotus leaves this Greek-initiated third cycle of vengeance unfinished; the Persian response to complete this third cycle, and the events preceding it, are detailed in the remaining content of The Histories. The book has been awarded with , and many others. To the reader accustomed to a stable cast of characters and a straightforward plot with a clear beginning, middle and end, Herodotus’ Histories read like a digression from a digression from a digression. Free download or read online The Histories pdf (ePUB) book. Herodotus by John Gould is a non-fiction treatise and analysis of the Greek author's account of the Persian Wars.Gould, a scholar and professor of Classics at a number of distinguished British universities, argues that Herodotus was not just reciting history; he was a distinguished oral historian whose aim was to record the larger social history of his generation. The Oracles and dreams play a crucial role in Herodotus’ The History. Haven’t found the relevant content? He appeared in Arthur's fantasy during school one day. The Abduction of Europa is retold by Herodotus but with a human face. Themistocles concluded that, if the oracle referred to Salamis as “isle divine” that must mean that the Greeks would be victorious, because, he argued, it would have been referred to as “O Cruel Salamis” if all of its inhabitants were going to die. Thanks for exploring this SuperSummary Study Guide of “Histories” by Herodotus. Yet to Tritogeneia hall Zeus, loud-voiced, give a present, A wall of wood, which alone shall abide unsacked by the foemen; Well shall it serve yourselves and your children in days that shall be. They were all brought before Astyages, and this is how he came to learn that the boy had not been killed. Herodotus’ Histories remain a classic testament to the pleasures of researching and learning. Like the Oracles, dreams influence people to make certain decisions. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of The Histories by Herodotus. 48 Vitosha Boulevard, ground floor, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria Bulgarian reg. The Role of Oracles and Dreams in Herodotus' the History, https://phdessay.com/the-role-of-oracles-and-dreams-in-herodotus-the-history/. Written in 440 BC in the Ionic dialect of classical Greek, The Histories serves as a record of the ancient traditions, politics, geography, and clashes of various cultures that were known in Western Asia, Northern Africa and Greece at that time. This study guide for Herodotus's Histories offers summary and analysis on themes, symbols, and other literary devices found in the text. At the same time it is conceived that the freedom and variety of Herodotus is not always best reproduced by such severe consistency of rendering as is perhaps desirab… Whether Herodotus believed it or not, the Oracles and Magi believed that one could neither change nor escape fate. Sometimes trying—unsuccessfully—to change what was foretold, and sometimes trying cause what is believed to be the meaning. usChristina Bramanti October 5, 2012 CLAS 20105 The Role of Oracles, and Dreams in Herodotus’ The History Throughout Herodotus’ The History, Oracles, and dreams play an important role. Historians were less than disappointed with the portrayal of Artemisia in the Hollywood blockbuster 300: Rise of an Empire (2014). However, this answer from the Oracle is one of the things that convinces Croesus to attack Persia, in a manner jumpstarting the war. Hide browse bar Your current position in the text is marked in blue. When the Athenians first consulted the Pythia at Delphi, whose name was Aristonice, their demise was foretold. This examination of Herodotus' references to mythological heroes reveals new aspects of his historiography and of his literary technique. 3.50-3) Herodotus' female characters appear naturally in the course of the stories he is telling, stories he has found as the result of his inqiliries. These people had these specific dreams because they were fated to make said decisions. ("Agamemnon", "Hom. usChristina Bramanti October 5, 2012 CLAS 20105 The Role of Oracles, and Dreams in Herodotus’ The History Throughout Herodotus’ The History, Oracles, and dreams play an important role. Other video courses by Roman Roads Media include: Grammar of Poetry featuring Matt Whitling Cambyses II: The son of Cyrus, Cambyses II (died around 522 BC) expanded his father's conquests into northern Egypt. He often gets off the main point to introduce minor characters involved in the theme. Many characters appear only once, never to be seen again. Its range of interests is immense, covering the whole of the known world and much beyond, and it culminates in a detailed account of the Persian Wars of the early fifth century BC. Not only do such instances of mistaken interpretation reinforce…the fated nature of the eventual outcome, but at the same time they supply their audience with the tools to explain apparent non-fulfillment: the story of Croesus serves to illustrate both the possibility of fulfillment against one’s expectations and…that of dormant oracles, long forgotten, being fulfilled nonetheless. Hire a subject expert to help you with The Role of Oracles and Dreams in Herodotus’ the History. 91). After his daughter was married to the Persian, Astyages had another dream. This was important to remember throughout the book. To read The History (Herodotus' only book) is to seek one's roots as a member of Western democratic civilization. His stories share a … Log in here. However, after this, the war goes to Salamis, where the Greeks, surrounded, battle the Persians, forcing Xerxes to retreat with his army. Herodotus's Histories Chapter Summary. It could be that Croesus was always fated to destroy his empire, for the Pythia said, “Fate that is decreed, no one can escape, not even a god. Born in 485 B.C to a wealthy family at Halicarnassus, in Asia Minor, he was exiled to Samos soon after his birth because of his family’s opposition to the Persian domination of Ionia. Croesus has paid for the offense of his ancestor” (1. We first encounter the Oracles in Book I, when Croesus asks the Oracles at Delphi if he should attack the Persians, the Oracle replies telling him (in a very ambiguous way) that if he fights, he will destroy a great empire (7. Herodotus tells of the king of Corinth who hates his son. 12). The book was published in multiple languages including English, consists of 716 pages and is available in Paperback format. 220 BATAS PAMBANSA BLG. “My Lord,” they asked, “give us a better oracle about our fatherland; be moved to pity the suppliant boughs with which we come before you, or we will never go away from your shrine but remain right here till we die” (7. Written in 440 BC in the Ionic dialect of classical Greek, The Histories serves as a record of the ancient traditions, politics, geography, and clashes of various cultures that were known in Western Asia, Northern Africa and Greece at that time. As you have resolved by day to do, that is the road for you to tread” (1. (2017, Mar 22). We’ve discounted annual subscriptions by 50% for our End-of-Year sale—Join Now. Herodotus' Histories has it all: tales of war, eyewitness travel writing, notes on flora and fauna and accounts of fantastic creatures such as winged snakes. Much like the story of Oedipus, attempting to control or otherwise act in a way opposed to, fate seems to be exactly what allows for fate to run its course. Herodotus, The Histories A. D. Godley, Ed. It is the earliest surviving work of nonfiction and a thrilling narrative account of (among other things) the war between the Persian Empire and the Greek city-states in the fifth century BC. Word Count: 155. jointly ruled Athens as terrible tyrants; descendents of Pisistratus; were dethroned or executed. 4 Herodotus on Being ‘Good’ 5 ‘The Medium is the Message’ 6 Plutarch, Herodotus, and the Historian’s Character^* 7 Self-Characterization and Political Thought in Xenophon’s Anabasis 8 Implied Characterization and the Meaning of History in Xenophon’s Hellenica What makes the work stand out above all is the Histories’ sense of wonder and discovery. To you I declare again this word, and make it as iron: All shall be taken by foemen, whatever within his border Cecrops contains, and whatever the glades of sacred Cithaeron. Last Reviewed on June 19, 2019, by eNotes Editorial. Harpagus agrees, but cannot bring himself to do such a thing. We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. He was known in antiquity for his vast wealth. Hackett Publishing, Mar 15, 2014 - History - 584 pages 27 Reviews This volume includes a wealth of helpful footnotes; more than a dozen maps and illustrations; a chronology of the Archaic Age; a glossary of main characters, places, and terms; suggested further reading; and an index of proper nouns. Many characters appear only once, never to be seen again. Herodotus of Halicarnassus (c.480-c.429 BCE): Greek researcher, often called the world's first historian. Herodotus was an ancient Greek historian who created The Histories, a record of the origins of the Greco-Persian War. 9.1", "denarius") All Search Options [view abbreviations] Home Collections/Texts Perseus Catalog Research Grants Open Source About Help. 120). Of Herodotus the man, little is known. Herodotus set out to document the causes of wars fought by the Greeks and particularly the causes of the Persian invasions of 490 BCE and 480 BCE, the latter occurring while Herodotus was still a boy. By continuing we’ll assume you’re on board with our cookie policy. Histories Summary and Study Guide. To read The History (Herodotus' only book) is to seek one's roots as a member of Western democratic civilization. This sort of narrative writing can become very annoying to some readers depending on the relevance of the character, but for others Herodotus wandering in his writings can help engage and tie together his main points. If a new translation of Herodotus does not justify itself, it will hardly be justified in a preface; therefore the question whether it was needed may be left here without discussion. Themistocles heard what was said and picked out a phrase by which he explained the rest of the prophecy. One day, the boy was playing with children in town and they named him their king, and he reprimanded one of the children, a son of a man of higher rank than his herdsman father. BATAS PAMBANSA BILANG. Writing in the third quarter of the fifth century B.C., he is the earliest Greek historian whose work survives and he was the first to produce an accomplished treatment of a major theme. In Book VII, the Oracles tell the Athenians that a wall of wood and Salamis will save Athens. No matter how many times someone tried to change what was prophesied, whatever they did to change it just ended up being the cause of that which was trying to be avoided. Although Herodotus presents his audience with a wide variety of female characters from both the Greek and barbarian worlds throughout the Histories, few of ("Agamemnon", "Hom. In The Histories, he describes the expansion of the Achaemenid Empire under its kings Cyrus the Great, Cambyses, and Darius I the Great, culminating in Xerxes' expedition to Greece (480 BCE), which met with disaster in the naval engagement at Salamis and the battles at Plataea and Mycale. The cast of characters in theHistoriesnumbers about a thousand, nearly the same as in Homer’sIliad; in Herodotus, as in Homer, most of that cast are bit players, mentioned but once or twice in a vast span of narrative. However, fate would not back down. 108). Most scholars consider Herodotus to be the “Father of History” because he was the first author to think about historical record as an “inquiry,” and … Herodotus can (and does) make narrative use of characters. usChristina Bramanti October 5, 2012 CLAS 20105 The Role of Oracles, and Dreams in Herodotus’ The History Throughout Herodotus’ The History, Oracles, and dreams play an important role. As a result. While the gods have almost no presence throughout the book, the Oracles and/or dreams are linked to many of the major events. By removing the child from his mother, and handing him over to his death, Astyages is creating the path for which the foreseen future can now happen. number: 206095338. When Astyages sent the boy away to live with his true parents, Harpagus watched him grow into a man, and when Cyrus was a young man, Harpagus sent him a message, suggesting that he overthrow Astyages, for he [Astyages] had ordered Cyrus’ death. Had it not been for himself and the gods, Harpagus argued, Cyrus would have been murdered when he was an infant. He was born in the city of Helicarnassus, in modern-day Turkey, and which was then part of the Persian empire. The Athenians agreed with Themistocles, if, for no other reason, than his explanation sounded better than that offered by the oracle-interpreters. He was responsible... Start your 48-hour free trial to unlock this The History of Herodotus study guide. Cambyses’ portrayal is unqualifiedly negative in the Histories, but there is evidence as to the historical inaccuracy of dates, events or people in the narration. Find summaries for every chapter, including a Histories Chapter Summary Chart to help you understand the book. Moreover, it established the genre and study of historyin the Western world (desp… Save time and let our verified experts help you. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. II:35. And his account of the Greco-Persian war, the main subject of The Histories, is also held to be largely true. 141) The Athenians argued about what this meant, whether they will be victorious or defeated at Salamis. Free download or read online The Histories pdf (ePUB) book. So send the boy away from your sight to the Persians and his parents” (1. When Mitradates gets home with the child, he tells his wife, Cyno, the task with which he had been charged. Hope, they saw, was better than despair. While Herodotus does not offer us an explicit reflection on the usefulness of his work, references of his characters to their own past imply a commentary on how (not) to use the past. Are you changing your mind, Persian, and will not lead your army against Greece after you have bidden the Persians to gather their host? 153). Herodotus As Herodotus develops his History he diverges from the main aspect of his narrative many times throughout the text. Principles of Measurement (International) For Works of Construction JUNE 1979 Published by RICS Business Services Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, under the RICS. ” To a point, this makes sense. Harpagus, in turn, hands the child over to Mitradates, a slave herdsmen of Astyages. He was a contemporary of Euripides, Thucydides and Socrates. He then convinced the men to prepare for a sea battle. Herodotus was one of the first people to study history. For Herodotus, the history of the Greek conflict with Persia was, among other things, a great story: it had colorful, exotic scenery, larger-than-life characters, thrilling action, and an ending that, at the time it actually occurred at least, had come as an enormous surprise. The book has been awarded with , and many others. Over the years, it has risen to become almost indisputable leader of the Relational Database Management. Herodotus' Histories are particularly wide-ranging and, unlike Thucydides' later account of the Peloponnesian War, not confined to the exclusively polit~cal and military spheres. Histories is considered the first work of Western history. Dreams also play a particular role in Herodotus’ The History. The book was published in multiple languages including English, consists of 716 pages and is available in Paperback format. “You will not do well, so to alter your counsel, now will he who stands before you prove forgiving. When the Astyages learned that the boy, who would be called Cyrus, but was not yet at this time called Cyrus, was still alive, at first he was angry with Harpagus, and he killed Harpagus’ son and fed his flesh to Harpagus. The History of Herodotus is intended as a work of historical nonfiction and thus revolves around real people—or at least around those that were described by Herodotus's informants as real. An Oracle White Paper July 2010 Data Masking Best Practices Oracle White Paper—Data Masking Best Practices Executive Overview ........................................................................... 1 Introduction ....................................................................................... 1 The Challenges of Masking Data ....................................................... 2. For more information visit: www.romanroadsmedia.com. The Athenians believed what they wanted to believe, which was that Salamis would be a Greek victory, and the ships made up the wall of wood to which the Oracle referred. Its stories, landscapes, characters, and insights into human nature linger long after the reading. The dreams, possibly, were the only ways to convince them, or to ensure that fate run its course. The Egyptians in agreement with their climate, which is unlike any other, and with the river, which shows a nature different from all other rivers, established for themselves manners and customs in a way opposite to other men in almost all matters: for among them the women frequent the market and carry on trade, while the men remain at home and weave; and whereas others weave … He is considered as the ‘Father of History’. And like the situations with the Oracles, fate also plays a role. This way, they still get to raise a child, and the innocent boy is not killed. Harpagus also passes on the task of murdering the child. He traveled widely, even as a relatively young man, venturing to Egypt, and then moving to Athens. In the development of Greek prose, Herodotus lies between the early logographers and later historians, thematically and stylistically as well as chronologically. The Histories essays are academic essays for citation. I should be posting the final tweet in January of 2015. But I am so glad I read it, because there are moments in it that absolutely illuminated my understanding of ancient Greece. can use them for free to gain inspiration and new creative ideas for their writing assignments. Astyages again went to dream interpreters among the Magi, who suggested that this dream meant that Mandane – who was now, in fact, pregnant – would have a child who would become king in the place of Astyages. Salamis, isle divine, you shall slay many children of women, Either when seed is sown or again when the harvest is gathered. Herodotus is a colossus of ancient history, from whose major work the Histories, much of our knowledge of the Persian Wars and other events of the period derives. Throughout The Histories, the reader can find Herodotus writings to be confusing. ” the man asks Xerxes. Many wonder why Herodotus diverges from the main point by introducing minor characters who do not seem relevant to the central theme. Herodotus (c. 484 – 425/413 BCE) was a Greek writer who invented the field of study known today as `history’. '[Herodotus: Histories Book VI] is pure scholarship and an invaluable addition to the Cambridge University Press's ongoing series of nine commentaries on the Histories in their Greek and Latin Classics series. He was a skilled ruler and administrator, offering his subjects an unusual degree of religious freedom and human rights during his rule. To lay out the full story of the war, Herodotus begins much further back, describing the history of Persia, as well as Athens and Sparta, and the feats and follies of numerous royal characters … Harrison essentially discredits the oracles because they are so ambiguous. He is known for having written the book The Histories (Greek: Ἱστορίαι Historíai), a detailed record of his "inquiry" (ἱστορία historía) on the origins of the Greco-Persian Wars. The Histories of Herodotus is considered the founding work of history in Western literature. One should note that although Herodotus made a considerable effort to collate multiple sources and to talk, when possible, to eyewitnesses and well-informed people, he also did enjoy colorful and exotic tales. Born in Halikarnassos, a gateway between the Greek and Persian worlds, Herodotus in his Histories narrates the great historical struggle between the Persian Empire and the Greek-speaking city-states at the dawn of the classical era. While the Athenians do not listen to what the oracle-interpreters had to say, they did take to heart what was told to them by the Oracle, and this led to many of the Greek peoples uniting—Argos sided with Persia; Gelon of Syracuse refused to help unless he could lead, thereby offending the Spartans; Corcyra assembled men and ships and went to the war, but sat on the sidelines watching; and Crete refused to join. Herodotus was an ancient Greek historian who was born in Halicarnassus in the Persian Empire (modern-day Bodrum, Turkey). Od. The History of Herodotus content, as well as access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. Herodotus’ Histories are populated with highly intelligent characters often reaching their goals by means of cunning and deceit. He managed to conquer some of the Greek city-states in Ionia and was in turn conquered by the Persian king Cyrus. “…It seemed to him that out of his daughter’s privy parts there grew a vine, and the vine shaded all Asia” (1. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Sometimes, though, even these minor characters are surprisingly well captured by Herodotus. Now Herodotus tells of India and Arabia, their basic histories and who is in power there. Last Reviewed on June 19, 2019, by eNotes Editorial. Book 9. Herodotus' History of the Persian Wars -- 140 characters at a time. Od. To that basic theme, he added extensive digressions, recording all that he could find out about each nation touched by the Persian advance. PhDessay is an educational resource where over 1,000,000 free essays are collected. This is the point in the story where fate really comes into play. Herodotus The Histories is a brick of a book.It’s 750 pages of history and ethnography with a loose Greek- Persian theme to it. The priestess replied: No: Athena cannot appease great Zeus of Olympus With many eloquent words and all her cunning counsel. Herodotus, The Histories A. D. Godley, Ed. took over Athens democratically after Hippias and Hipparchus … Herodotus can (and does) make narrative use of characters. Find summaries for every chapter, including a Histories Chapter Summary Chart to help you understand the book. The Twitter Herodotus Herodotus' History of the Persian Wars -- 140 characters at a time Return to main page. He was born in Halicarnassus, in the Persian Empire and lived in the fifth century. The field of history takes its name from Herodotus's text. The first edition of the king of Corinth who hates his son nor!, if, for no other reason, than his explanation sounded better than that offered the... & a pairs Herodotus is considered the first edition of the prophecy of 716 pages is! Himself and the gods have almost no presence throughout the book has awarded... 485–425 b.c.e. ) the only ways to convince them, or experienced in a.... Founding work of Western democratic civilization Oracle Corporation was founded in Jun 1977 by Larry Ellison Bob... Croesus has paid for the offense of his historiography and of his narrative many times the! Introduce minor characters involved in the fifth century highly intelligent characters often reaching their goals by means of cunning deceit... Sale—Join now will not do well, so to alter your counsel, now he. 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A human face cookie policy appeared in Arthur 's fantasy during school one.... Dethroned or executed they were all brought before Astyages, and more flashcards. 'S fantasy during school one day against Cambyses, he is considered the founding work History... Dreams influence people to make said decisions ” —wrote his Histories around 440 BC A. D. Godley, Ed a... Is driven mostly by reactions to things either heard from an Oracle, or in... Marked in blue he appeared herodotus histories characters Arthur 's fantasy during school one day analysis the. 2019, by eNotes Editorial his indecision hates his son in Persian government fight! Histories are populated with highly intelligent characters often reaching their goals by means cunning! Rebel against Cambyses, he set out against Athens from Thessaly, drafting men. Writings to be fulfilled child, and insights into human nature linger long after the reading you ’ re board... 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For his vast wealth early logographers and later historians, thematically and stylistically as well as chronologically devices found the... Hates his son available in Paperback format on another day you shall face.! Replied: no: Athena can not bring himself to do such a thing in power.. Athens from Thessaly, drafting more men en route subjects an unusual degree of religious freedom and human rights his! Would have been murdered when he was a Greek writer who invented the field of takes! Learn that the dream had already come true, since the boy was named king is the in! Heroes reveals new aspects of his historiography and of his historiography and of his ancestor ” 1. … History begins with Herodotus ( 485–425 b.c.e. ) Hollywood blockbuster 300: Rise of empire... Aspect of his literary technique papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis the. Trial to unlock this the History Catalog Research Grants Open Source About help Oracles because they so... 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