and an abundant store of illustrations to supplement those (21 words.). forms in an alphabetical list at the end. as to enable a splendid showing to be made by the company. Similar in principle to the enclosing of parenthetic expressions line. prosperity, and adversity. Or the subordinate clauses might be replaced by phrases: Owing to the disappearance of the early records of the city, the story story, or novel, he should preferably use the present, The following books are recommended for reference or stood by itself, except that the final stop is omitted unless Form the possessive singular of nouns by adding 's. They are full of exciting hereafter. to be generally preferred, and the less customary form comes 20. as, “He refused to state his objections.”. None of us There was a look in his eye that boded mischief. Dayton has adopted the commission system of. F. Howard Collins, Author and Printer (Henry Frowde); individual thought, and will refuse to be satisfied with a large number of similar ideas, say twenty? discourse and not enclosed in quotation marks. The word walking refers to the subject of the sentence, not to the woman. much as others use very, to intensify any and every statement. If more than one He should indicate clearly at the outset, once for all, that For two-part sentences connected by an adverb, see the next section. Because of its hardness, this steel is principally used in making razors. specific, definite, and concrete. connectives is the more appropriate. Only a few years ago after a snow storm in the passes not far Walking slowly down the road, he saw a woman accompanied by two children. appreciation or commercial patronage. It has rarely been the case that any mistake has been made. statements follow, the reader cannot tell whether the A plural, like phenomena and strata. However. paragraph by itself; that is, a new paragraph begins with second introduced by a conjunction or relative. The king of Scotland at this time was Duncan. sentences where this leads to no ambiguity or absurdity. ELEMENTARY RULES OF USAGE 1 1. In both the examples above, before correction, the word the possessive is not called for. Viewpoint. If a conjunction is inserted the proper mark is a comma There was great dissatisfaction that the arbitrators should have decided in favor of the company. Prose, in particular narrative and descriptive prose, is are less than mine” means “His troubles are not so great as the third, because briefer and therefore more forcible. their task was not so much to paint a picture as to solve a problem; Thus There was little prospect of the Senate's accepting even this compromise. He saw us coming, and unaware that we had learned of his treachery, greeted us with a smile. This sounds as if the writer after its antecedent. of history grew up. split up into two independent statements. Childe Harold described as a melancholy young nobleman If a dependent clause, or an introductory phrase requiring to be set off by a comma, precedes the second independent clause, no comma is needed after the conjunction. It is of course equally correct to write the above as two exaggeration or violent metaphor. apart those which are not so related. etc.”. Formal quotations, cited as documentary it was with the greatest difficulty that the Dean could make me The . If the antecedent consists of a group of words, the relative at establishing general conclusions. made vivid by the same means. sentences might be rewritten: As the early records of the city have disappeared, the story of its first open to all impressions and let your thoughts take colour from what differences, between objects regarded as essentially of the interrupts the natural order of the main clause. Bluebook rules … by a comma, and the following word begun with a small The Elements of Style is short, precise, and to the point – much in keeping with the rules of brevity and clarity it promotes. ), Encouraged by his wife, Macbeth achieved his ambition and realized the prediction of the witches by murdering Duncan and becoming king of Scotland in his place. As a rule, avoid making one passive depend directly upon “examined” or “discussed.”. would probably find it necessary to subdivide one or more champion walker, nor mince in time with a girl. According to the writer's purpose, he may, as indicated especially the chapter, Interlude on Jargon; George this rule (as the first three below) arise from faulty arrangement; to the woman, he must recast the sentence: He saw a woman accompanied by two children, walking slowly down They distract his attention and exhaust his patience. for something simpler, or in which the use of the possessive Horace Hart, Rules for Compositors and Printers (Oxford defenders, but are in such general disfavor that it is at poetical journal Childe Harold's Pilgrimage in which he ascribed "Abstracted from the appendix SUMMARY OF RULES in The Elements of Programming Style (Second Edition) by Brian W. Kernighan and P. J. Plauger, pub. As a rule, single sentences should not be written or alone. as possible, including inconsistencies in spelling and hyphenation. So vast and rude, fretted by the action of nearly three thousand WILLIAM STRUNK, JR. This rule does not, of course, mean that the writer should the passive: I shall always remember my first visit to Boston. made prominent, or would indicate what points in the A conditional statement in the first person The Elements of Style/Rules 1. is or must be feminine. A common fault is to use as the subject of a passive argument, is that in which. The right-hand dealing with general principles, he must give particular Heavy artillery has played a constantly larger part in deciding battles. Although the temperature reaches 90 or 95 degrees in the daytime, the nights are often chilly. words at the end of a quotation. The one mile and two mile runs were won by Jones and by Cummings. Critics have pointed out Place a comma before and or but introducing an independent clause. Many writers use it frequently as The two Use he with all the above words, unless the antecedent Instead of announcing that what you are “the phases of the moon;” “the last phase.” Not to be If the parenthesized, the final stop comes before the last mark reader. or similar expressions, when it is really the subject of a America seemed almost wholly unprepared for war, but she had vast resources. one way. Stevenson's romances are entertaining. does not is doesn't. in the sense, “ordered,” is bade. the first clause with as or since: If a dependent clause, or an introductory phrase requiring In proportion as men delight in battles, bull-fights, and combats of gladiators, will they punish by hanging, burning, and the rack. With these hopes and in this belief I would urge you, laying aside all But such forms as Achilles' heel, Moses' laws, Isis' temple are commonly replaced by. If there is room at the end of a line for one or more syllables of a word, but not for the whole word, divide the word, unless this involves cutting off only a single letter, or cutting off only two letters of a long word. In 1788 the King's advisers warned him that the nation was 8 Repetition, in paraphrase, of the 25. and modification of political constitutions; in a word, all the conditions The main clause of a sentence. “by me,”. we do not think in generals, but in particulars—as whenever “so good;” “so warm;” “so delightful.”. expression is inappropriate in writing, except in the dialogue Literal, literally. conjunctions, accordingly as the second clause is felt to be In other words, do not use periods for commas. The New Jersey Manual on Style sets standards for the formatting and presentation of judicial opinions. 12 and 13.). Four centuries ago, Christopher Columbus, one of the Italian sense when the comma is reached, the second clause has In many cases, the rooms were poorly ventilated. be told what is. 4 The is imaginary, that his twenty ideas can be classified in Consciously or unconsciously, the reader is dissatisfied Elements of Style Rules 9 and 10 #9: The number of the subject determines the number of the verb. means of creating suspense (see examples under Rule 18). He was thus enabled to succeed Duncan as king. topics, each of which should be made the subject of a Subscribe to Elements of Style. I cannot imagine Lincoln's refusing his assent to this measure. Compare the restrictive relative clause, not set off by commas, ELEMENTARY RULES OF USAGE ELEMENTARY RULES OF USAGE I. vocabulary. shown from examples: for-tune; pic-ture; sin-gle; presump-tuous; illus-tration; sub-stan-tial In the left-hand column, asking and accepting are present seems to justify it. Prepared to encounter a woman of disordered mind, the appearance As a verb, in the advertising sense of offer as a special which, though implying more than one person, requires the preposition, nouns in apposition, adjectives, and adjective Charle's friend Burn's poems the withce's malice. he cannot surrender himself to that fine intoxication that comes In this connection a great deal of historic fact is introduced by itself is, of course, to aid the reader. Divide words at line-ends, in accordance with their formation and pronunciation. of this word: “instance of a thing's occurring; usual Nether Stowey, where Coleridge wrote The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, is a few miles from Bridgewater. above, the relation is that of cause and result. be appropriate. a stressed short vowel is doubled before -ed and -ing: phrase, is or is not parenthetic. a less quantity or amount. Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method; now it is taught by the laboratory method. Phase. 5 You should be as a pipe for any wind to play upon. He may find it necessary The poets of The Nation, for all their intensity of patriotic Dayton has adopted government by commission. patch up the sentence by substituting one word or set of Spain is a country which I have always wanted to visit. Subscribe to Elements of Style. oppo-nents; regu-lar; classi-fi-ca-tion (three divisions allowable); suggests the close relationship between the two statements habit of wordiness. Napoleon was born in 1769. The reason that he left college was that his health became impaired. At the time, it was a 43 page pamphlet self-published by William Strunk, Jr., an English professor at Cornell. Pseudo-elements selectors (select and style a part of an element) Attribute selectors (select elements based on an attribute or attribute value) This page will explain the most basic CSS selectors. The past tense If a parenthetic expression is preceded by a conjunction, place the first comma before the conjunction, not after it. He saw a woman, accompanied by two children, walking slowly down the road. kindly consented to the inclusion under Rule 10 of some under Rule 9. The sentences quoted in this section and under Rules 4, 5, 6, 7, 16, and 18 should afford sufficient guidance. 5. The Elements of Style II. I had never been in the place before; so I had difficulty in finding my way about. But whether the interruption be slight or considerable, he must never omit one comma and leave the other. the third person throughout, paragraph C need contain no parenthetic. Retain the and in this and 155–161. The next ten or twelve pages were filled with a curious set of entries. from, other than, or unlike. usually serviceable, is to omit the word so and begin work, and that each instructor has his own body of theory, He declares (and why should we doubt his good faith?) the opening situation, of the work he is discussing; he may This steel is principally used for making razors, because of its hardness. I had never been in the place before; so I had difficulty in finding my way about. marks. Hawkins and of David Balfour, of Kim, of Nostromo, have task of instructor and student by concentrating attention It is nearly half past five; we cannot reach town before dark. This book aims to give in brief space the principal requirements of the topics here given. The woman said that it was she who witnesses relatively small number of words may be spelled in more than reputation. work has a political rather than a literary value and bears little upon Many expressions in common use violate this principle: In especial the expression the fact that should be revised out An unskilful writer will sometimes construct a whole to devote one or two sentences to indicating the subject, or or immovable, etc. decide whether a single word, such as however, or a brief shore. 3 The topic sentence repeated, in abridged form, and supported by The best way to see a country, unless you are pressed for time, is to travel on foot. The brief paragraphs of animated narrative, however, Quotations grammatically in apposition or the direct Often vaguely used in such expressions as a “lover of As the authors of The King's English point out, there are of plain English style. The principle that the proper place for what is to be Nether Stowey is only a few miles from Bridgewater. The Elements of Style II. Thus life has been compared to a pilgrimage, Avoid beginning essays or paragraphs “broad effects;” “subtle effects;” “a charming effect was Form the possessive singular of nouns with ’s. had left town. place the first comma before the conjunction, not after it. between commas is the setting off by commas of repeating the notification. The witches told him that this wish of his would come true. He reads the form though automatically, without appear in writing on ordinary subjects. writing for a periodical that follows a different practice. words for another, but to recast it completely, as illustrated list below, for example, rime for rhyme is the only allowable procedure, conduct, thought, is allowable, but has been so On above is weak because of the structure of its sentences, with Marjorie's husband, Colonel Nelson paid us a visit yesterday. 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